Jamsostek? Askes? Jamkesmas? CONFUSED!!

"Arghhh!! Help! What are the difference btwn Jamsostek, Askes and Jamkesmas??"

Does this question ever come to your mind? One of my friends asked me this question. Here I would like to explain briefly.

Health care programs in Indonesia have elements of a three-tiered health insurance system.

1. 1st tier: PT Askes and PT Jamsostek. Askes is a compulsory health insurance scheme for active and retired civil servants, retired military and police officers, veterans, and national patriots and their families. Jamsostek is the social security scheme for private sector workers and includes a health component. It provides health insurance for some formal sector workers.
2. 2nd tier: Private health insurances provided through private insurance companies, self-insured schemes and other initiaves.
3. 3rd tier: Jamkesmas and Jamkesda (local government initiatives) or direct financing to health care providers. These are run by the Ministry of Health and local authorities for the uninsured poor citizens.

Reference:
1. Prof. Dr. Ali Ghufron Mukti. Regional Conference on "Revitalizing Primary Health Care",Jakarta, Panel C: Health Financing and Poverty Alleviation; WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2008.